Crowding behaviour refers that supposed response of an animal or human to the effects of being crowded, and often subject to very dubious Generalization across species. For example, the aggressive behaviour of rats at a certain level of crowding is thought by many to be instinctive and this 'explanation' may then be offered to account for violence in urban slums. There is little or no hard evidence that any human behaviour is instinctive, and as an explanation for the extremely complex (and sometimes apparently contradictory) relationship between urban violence and crowding it is so simplistic as to be silly.