Cystoscopy

The mucous membrane of the bladder, the two ureteric orifices, and the urethral meatus can easily be observed by means of a cystoscope. With the bladder distended with fluid, an illuminated tube fitted with lenses is introduced into the bladder through the urethra.

Over the trigone, the mucous membrane is pink and smooth. If the bladder is partially emptied, the mucous membrane over the trigone remains smooth, but it is thrown into folds elsewhere. The ureteric orifices are slitlike and eject a drop of urine at intervals of about 1 minute. The interureteric ridge and the uvula vesicae can easily be recognized.